Endpoints & Properties

55+ Regulatory-Grade
ADMET Predictions

Every endpoint is built to OECD 'defined endpoint' principles, with QMRF documentation available for regulatory submissions. All included in a single $150/compound purchase.

Toxicity

24 endpoints · 34 models · All ICH/OECD aligned

Mutagenicity (bacterial reverse mutation / Ames test)

ICH S2(R1)

Predicts mutagenic potential via bacterial reverse mutation assay in Salmonella typhimurium and E. coli strains. A core regulatory genotoxicity test required in early non-clinical safety studies.

Genotoxicity: in vitro micronucleus assay

ICH S2(R1)

Detects micronuclei in the cytoplasm of cells — fragments produced by DNA breakage (clastogens) or whole chromosomes displaced by disruption of the mitotic apparatus (aneugens).

Genotoxicity: in vivo micronucleus assay (mouse)

ICH S2(R1)

Predicts clastogenic and aneugenic effects in mouse bone marrow and/or blood erythrocytes — the in vivo complement to the in vitro assay.

Chromosomal aberration (in vitro)

ICH S2(R1)

Predicts structural chromosomal aberrations in mammalian cells — breaks, gaps, and rearrangements observed in metaphase cells. A standard component of the ICH core genotoxicity battery.

DNA damage / stress response (p53)

Genotoxicity

Predicts activation of the tumor suppressor p53, a key stress-responsive indicator of DNA damage and potential genotoxicity. Widely used in regulatory screening and mechanistic hazard assessment.

DNA damage response (ATAD5)

Genotoxicity

Predicts stabilisation of ATAD5, which accumulates in response to DNA damage and replication stress. Provides a p53-independent readout of genotoxic potential, covering compounds that evade p53-based detection.

Carcinogenicity (mouse, rat)

ICH S1A/B

Rodent carcinogenicity prediction based on two-year bioassay data. Separate models for rat and mouse, both sexes, plus a general cross-species model.

Cardiotoxicity (hERG, CaV1.2, NaV1.5)

ICH S7B

Three models covering the major cardiac ion channels. NaV1.5 governs rapid depolarization, CaV1.2 contributes to the plateau phase, and hERG mediates repolarization. Inhibition may lead to QT prolongation and proarrhythmic effects.

Hepatotoxicity (DILI)

FDA DILI

Drug-Induced Liver Injury prediction based on human hepatotoxicity data annotated from FDA drug labels, covering serum enzyme elevations, jaundice, and hepatic failure.

Neurotoxicity: acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition

Neurotoxicity

Predicts inhibition of AChE, leading to acetylcholine accumulation and disruption of normal neurotransmission — relevant for pesticide and drug candidates.

Drug-Induced Neurotoxicity (DINeurot)

Neurotoxicity

Predicts nervous system damage or dysfunction caused by drugs or chemicals. Neurotoxicity is a leading cause of post-market drug withdrawals; training data covers clinical cases of neurotoxic effects.

Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity (DIN)

Safety

Predicts renal damage potential. Nephrotoxicity contributes to 2% of drug failures in pre-clinical studies and 19% in phase 3 — early in silico flagging saves significant time and cost.

Acute oral toxicity (GHS classification)

GHS / OECD 423

Predicts the GHS acute toxicity category after single oral administration in rodents, supporting hazard classification and labelling under CLP and OECD TG 423.

Developmental toxicity potential

ICH S5(R3)

Predicts the potential to interfere with embryo-fetal development — teratogenicity, growth retardation, and functional deficits. Supports early prioritisation ahead of costly ICH S5(R3) reproductive toxicity studies.

HepG2 cytotoxicity

Cytotoxicity

Predicts cytotoxic effects in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cytotoxicity may underlie organ toxicity, genotoxicity artefacts, or carcinogenic responses — a key in vitro safety model.

Oxidative stress response (Nrf2/ARE)

Mechanism

Predicts activation of the Nrf2/antioxidant response element pathway — the primary cellular defence against electrophiles and reactive oxygen species, and an early mechanistic indicator of oxidative-stress-mediated toxicity.

Mitochondrial toxicity (membrane potential)

Mechanism

Predicts disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential, an early marker of mitochondrial dysfunction implicated in drug-induced liver injury, myopathy, and cardiotoxicity.

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation

Mechanism

Predicts activation of AhR, a ligand-activated transcription factor that triggers CYP enzyme induction and downstream toxicity pathways including immunotoxicity, developmental toxicity, and cancer. Widely used in regulatory and mechanistic hazard screening.

Endocrine — receptor binding (ER, ER-LBD, AR, AR-LBD, aromatase)

Endocrine

Five models covering full-length estrogen and androgen receptor activity, the corresponding ligand-binding-domain assays that isolate direct receptor binding, and aromatase inhibition, which governs androgen-to-estrogen conversion. Core battery for endocrine disruption screening under REACH and EPA EDSP.

Endocrine — hormone synthesis and metabolism (TPO, PPARγ)

Endocrine

Thyroid peroxidase inhibition blocks thyroid hormone synthesis, affecting neurodevelopment, metabolism, and cardiac activity. PPARγ activation drives adipogenesis and metabolic disruption. Both are high-priority endocrine endpoints.

Eye irritation and corrosion

OECD 405

Predicts ocular irritation and corrosion potential against GHS categories, supporting animal-free classification for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, agrochemicals, and industrial chemicals.

Skin sensitization

OECD 429

Predicts the potential to cause allergic contact dermatitis. Of high regulatory relevance for pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and industrial chemicals; aligned with OECD TG 429 and the adverse outcome pathway for skin sensitization.

Cell cycle

Genotoxicity

Predicts compound interference with G0/G1, S, G2, and M cell-cycle phases. Alterations are closely linked to genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, and cytotoxicity and are of high relevance for safety assessment.

Immunotoxicity (RPMI-8226, MOLT-4, IL-1B)

Immunotoxicity

Three models covering compound-induced effects on human hematopoietic cell lines (RPMI-8226, MOLT-4) and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1B — relevant for immunosuppressive, immunostimulatory, or pro-inflammatory hazard assessment.

ADME & Pharmacokinetics

11 endpoints · 21 models

Absorption

Aqueous solubility (logS)

Predicted at 25°C in mol/L (log scale). Poor aqueous solubility is a major cause of low bioavailability and formulation failure in drug development.

Caco-2 permeability

Predicts apparent permeability across Caco-2 monolayer — the standard in vitro reference for oral absorption and intestinal permeability screening.

Human Intestinal Absorption (HIA)

Predicts the fraction of orally administered compound absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream.

PAMPA permeability

Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assay: predicts passive transcellular diffusion independent of transporters and metabolism — a fast early filter for absorption potential, complementary to Caco-2.

Distribution

Human Plasma Protein Binding (PPB)

Predicts reversible drug binding to plasma proteins (albumin, alpha-1 acid glycoprotein). Only the unbound fraction is pharmacologically active.

Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) permeability

Predicts logBB (concentration ratio brain/blood). Neuroactive drugs must cross BBB; peripherally-acting drugs should not, to avoid psychotropic side effects.

Metabolism

CYP450 substrates (CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4)

Five models predicting whether the compound is a substrate of the major CYP450 enzymes — informing metabolic liability and potential for drug-drug interactions.

CYP450 inhibition (CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4)

Five models predicting inhibitory potential against the CYP450 isoforms responsible for ~90% of drug metabolism. Critical for drug-drug interaction assessment.

Metabolic stability / intrinsic clearance (CLint)

Predicts intrinsic hepatic clearance from microsomal stability data — key input for pharmacokinetic modelling and dose prediction.

Excretion

Efflux transporters (P-glycoprotein, BCRP)

Transporter

Two models covering P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and BCRP (ABCG2) — the efflux pumps that most strongly limit oral bioavailability and CNS exposure. Assessment of both is expected under FDA and EMA drug–drug interaction guidance.

OATP inhibition (OATP1B1, OATP1B3)

Transporter

Predicts inhibition of hepatic uptake transporters OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 — key determinants of hepatic drug disposition and a major factor in transporter-mediated drug–drug interactions. Widely used in regulatory safety assessment.

Physicochemical Properties

12+ calculated properties and drug-likeness rules

Calculated Physicochemical Properties

HBA, HBD, molecular weight, LogP, TPSA, Fsp³, rotatable bonds, aromatic rings — the full descriptor set for drug-likeness assessment.

Calculated Medicinal Chemistry Rules

Lipinski Rule of Five, QED score, Drug-likeness, SA Score, PAINS alerts, GSK 4/400 Rule, Pfizer 3/75 Rule — multiple filters in a single computation.

Risk Score

Composite ADMET-based compound ranking

Comprehensive Risk Score

Composite score (0–1) ranking compounds by their likelihood of pharmaceutical acceptance. Derived from: Ames mutagenicity, genotoxicity (in vitro & in vivo micronucleus), carcinogenicity, hERG cardiotoxicity, DILI, DIN, AChE inhibition, estrogen & androgen receptor binding, BBB permeability, PPB, Caco-2, HIA, metabolic stability, and aqueous solubility.

Human Carcinogenic Risk Score

Coming soon

Composite score (0–1) estimated from predicted mutagenicity, genotoxicity, rodent carcinogenicity, and key physicochemical properties. Lower score = lower carcinogenic risk.

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